The ancestors of Pennsylvania Dutch speakers came from various parts of the southwest corner of the German-speaking region of Europe, mainly the Palatinate, but also including the Electoral Palatinate (German: Kurpfalz), the Duchy of Baden, Hesse, Saxony, Swabia, Württemberg, Alsace (German Elsass), German Lorraine, and Switzerland. 1 Hessian, 2 Palatinate German 3 Lorraine Franconian It is best preserved in the Old Order Amish and Old Order Mennonite communities, and presently the members of both groups make up the majority of Pennsylvania Dutch speakers.Īrea where Rhine Franconian is spoken. Since that time, its use has greatly declined. The practice of Pennsylvania Dutch as a street language in urban areas of Pennsylvania, such as Allentown, Reading, Lancaster, and York, was declining by the arrival of the 20th century, but in more rural areas it continued in widespread use until World War II. Historically, the dialect was also spoken in several other regions where its use has largely or entirely faded. Speakers of the dialect today are primarily found in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and other Midwestern states of the United States, and in Ontario in Canada. The continued use of the term was strengthened by the Pennsylvania Dutch in the 19th century as a way of distinguishing themselves from later (post-1830) waves of German immigrants to the United States, with the Pennsylvania Dutch referring to themselves as Deitsche and to the new settlers as Deitschlenner (literally "Germany-ers'") whom they saw as a related but distinct group. Ultimately, the terms Deitsch, Dutch, Diets and Deutsch are all descendants of the Proto-Germanic word *þiudiskaz, meaning "popular" or "of the people". The word Dutch does not refer to the Dutch language or people, but is derived from the endonym Deitsch. Although the term Pennsylvania Dutch is often taken to refer to the Amish and related Old Order groups, it does not imply a connection to any particular religious group. It has traditionally been the dialect of the Pennsylvania Dutch, descendants of late 17th- and early to late 18th-century immigrants to Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, and North Carolina primarily from Southern Germany and, less so, from the eastern French regions of Alsace and Lorraine, and parts of Switzerland. There are possibly more than 300,000 native speakers of Pennsylvania Dutch in the United States and Canada. Pennsylvania Dutch ( Deitsch, Pennsilfaanisch-Deitsch or Pennsilfaanisch), sometimes referred to as Pennsylvania German, is a variety of Palatine German, also known as Palatine Dutch, spoken by the Pennsylvania Dutch: Old Order Amish, Old Order Mennonites, Fancy Dutch, and other descendants of German immigrants in the United States and Canada. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Start typing in the Filter table box to find phonetic english alphabet details inside the table.Pennsylvania Dutch is not endangered according to the classification system of the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger Click the ➕ icon to reveal any hidden columns. Resize your browser to full screen and/or zoom out to display as many columns as possible. The RAF (WWII) was used by the British Royal Air Force during World War II.ĪDDucation Tips: Click column headings with arrows to sort them. The Old UK military phonetic alphabet was used in pre-NATO Britain. The LAPD Los Angeles Police Department phonetic alphabet is still in use, with some variations, by the LAPD and other US agencies. The international phonetic alphabet is also known as the phonetic spelling alphabet, ICAO radiotelephonic and the ITU radiotelephonic phonetic alphabet. Alphabets list and FAQs compiled by A C and last updated on 3:20 pm. The NATO phonetic alphabet international* is the most widely used worldwide but we’ve also included some earlier British and American phonetic alphabets. WELCOME ( Whiskey Echo Lima Charlie Oscar Mike Echo) to ADDucation’s phonetic alphabet and Morse code reference tables. Phonetic Alphabets & Morse Code Tables □
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